O. Slaba
Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University
Introduction. Changes of peroxide resistance of erythrocytes as a reflection of the metabolic displacements, relating to the development of inflammation in the periodontal tissues can serve as an informative test for the assessment of the nature of structural and metabolic changes during the development of periodontitis in patients with iron deficiency anemia.
Purpose of the study To assess the presence and changes of peroxide haemolysis of erythrocytes in patients with generalized periodontitis combined with iron deficiency anemia.
Materials and methods of research. The results of peroxide haemolysis of erythrocytes in 46 women with iron deficiency anemia (the control group) and 41 women without one (the comparison group) were observed. The average age was 38.65 ± 4.64 years. Gingival capillary blood was collected for biochemical studies in the morning, the patients were fasting. Heparin was used as anticoagulant (30.0 units by 1.0 ml of blood). The blood was centrifuged at 2500.0 rpm for 30 min.
Methods of variation statistics using the program Statistica for Windows, spreadsheet Excel were used to assess the degree of probability of the results.
Results of the investigation and their discussion. According to the results, a decrease of the resistance of red blood cells to peroxide-induced haemolysis with the increasing of the clinical manifestations of generalized periodontitis was observed in groups of the patients with different degrees of severity of generalized periodontitis without any other additional pathology (index of peroxide haemolysis of erythrocytes with prime generalized periodontitis of the I stage was increased by 1.24 times, with generalized periodontitis of the II stage – by 1.51 times and with generalized periodontitis of the III stage – by 1,66 times comparing to the individuals with intact parodontium (11.22 ± 0.9, p < 0.05)).
People with generalized periodontitis and iron deficiency anemia lasting up to 5 years had reliable increase (34.0 %) of peroxide haemolysis comparing to the individuals with intact parodontium. In analogical clinical group with anemia, lasting for more than 5 years, percentage of hemolyzed cells was increased comparing to the individuals with intact parodontium (in 52.0 %) and comparing to the previous group (in 12.0 %). Was found the difference between the clinical group with anemia lasting up to 5 years and without one (in 28.0 %). The erythrocytes stability to peroxide haemolysis was reducing in case of the increasing of the disease severity in women with generalized periodontitis and iron deficiency anemia lasting up to 5 years. Duration of anemia influenced on the erythrocytes peroxide resistance reducing. It was found the increase of the percentage of hemolyzed cells – in 94.0 % in relation to people with intact parodontium and in 43.0 % comparing to a certain group of the patients with generalized periodontitis of the II stage and without pathology (p < 0.05). In patients with generalized periodontitis of the III stage and anemia lasting up to 5 years the level of peroxide haemolysis of erythrocytes increased in 86.0 % comparing to the patients with intact parodontium and in 20.0 % in comparison with the control group (p < 0.05). In case of more prolonged anemia in this clinical group the increase of the erythrocytes peroxide haemolysis index was increased more than twice compared to the persons with the intact parodontium and by 1.3 times – respectively to the control group (p < 0.05).
Conclusions. According to the results, peroxide resistance of erythrocytes was proved to be diagnostically significant and also within comparative analysis of effects in the development of inflammatory and degenerative processes in periodontal tissues with or without anemia. This is especially useful considering the fact that peroxide resistance of erythrocytes indicates not only on the induction of free radical perioxide processes, but also indirectly reflects disorders of hemorheological characteristics.
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